NLL2FR 2025: International Workshop on Translating Natural Legal Language into Formal Representation Palazzo del Rettorato Torino, Italy, December 9, 2025

Aims and Scope

As legal systems increasingly intersect with digital technologies, the formal representation of legal norms has become essential. Structured knowledge representation provides a rigorous foundation for modeling legal reasoning and supports practical applications such as automated compliance checking, legal advisory tools, and normative reasoning in autonomous systems like self-driving cars and AI-driven legal decision-making. While many rigorous frameworks for legal knowledge representation and reasoning have shown great potential, they often assume that legal knowledge can already be expressed in formal languages. In reality, however, most legal rules and case descriptions are written in natural language, creating a significant gap between natural legal language and formal representations. Recent advances in natural language processing—particularly those driven by large language models—have led to promising applications in AI and Law, including legal information retrieval, summarization, and information extraction. NLL2FR2025 aims to bring together researchers and practitioners interested in bridging this gap between natural legal language and formal representations. Our interest extends beyond the translation of natural language rules into logical formulae to include the formalization of legal cases described in natural language.

List of Topics

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Translating natural language legal texts—ranging from statutes and rules to judgments and full case narratives—into logical representations
• Constructing legal ontologies from natural language documents
• Extracting legal factors from case texts
• Extracting and structuring argumentation from natural language sources
• Any theories and technologies which is not directly related to the workshop but have the potential to contribute to the workshop

Submission Guidelines

We welcome and encourage the submission of high-quality, original papers, which are not simultaneously submitted for publication elsewhere. Papers should be written in English, formatted according to the Springer Verlag LNCS style in a PDF form, which can be obtained from https://www.springer.com/gp/computer-science/lncs/conference-proceedings-guidelines, and not exceed 14 pages including figures, references, etc. If you use a Word file, please follow the instructions for the format, and then convert it into a PDF form and submit it at the paper submission page: https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=nll2fr2025

If you encounter any issues submitting your paper via the EasyChair system, please email "ksatoh[at]nii.ac.jp".

Without fulfilling this condition, the paper will not be in the proceedings.

Important Dates

• Paper Submission Deadline: November 10, 2025
• Notification to Authors: November 17, 2025
• Camera-ready Due: November 24, 2025
• Workshop Date: December 9, 2025

Committees

Organizing Committee

• Ken Satoh, Center for Juris-Informatics, ROIS-DS, Japan
• Georg Borges, Saarland University, Germany
• Hannes Westermann, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
• May Myo Zin, Center for Juris-Informatics, ROIS-DS, Japan

Program committee

• TBA

Contact

ksatoh[at]nii.ac.jp